Entrepreneurs and their Environments: International Studies
| dc.contributor.author | Mamdouh I. Farid | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-06-15T06:50:17Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This book examines entrepreneurship across many countries and cultures. On first section, entrepreneurship in Egypt, an Islamic society in transition to a free market, is examined in comparisons with entrepreneurship in the United States, a secular society with a highly developed market economy. American and Egyptian entrepreneurial differences are discussed within a number of themes related to cultural and environmental factors: the transition to a free market including transparency; money and its cultural meanings; locus of control; attitude towards risk; and work-life equilibrium. Managers in an emergent market who are trying to improve competitiveness and efficiency should be aware of how most people from specific cultures value money, and also be aware of cultural differences with regard to the importance and the role of money. On second section, the book applies the institutional profile survey of Basinets et al. (2000) to four countries in the Middle East. The purposes are to (1) explore how entrepreneurship contexts are conductive to entrepreneurship and (2) contrast this instrument with other measures of family business and national policies as related to the creation of new business. It is concluded that while the Egyptian entrepreneurship environments still at the nascent stages of development, both the Kuwaiti and UAE are moving towards established stages of development. Saudi Arabia seems to be somewhat variable; i.e., ranging from the same to lagging behind the other countries depending upon the dimension. It is recommended that in order to build a competitive entrepreneurship advantage, the Egyptian regulatory institutions should strengthen factors of macroeconomic policy and education while regulatory institutions in Kuwait and UAE should strengthen factors of investment in science and technology programs. On another section, the book argues that entrepreneurship in an existing organization (entrepreneurship) is the outcome of the interlocking entrepreneurial activities of multiple participants, entrepreneurship is distributed throughout a structure, not mainly the strategic apex, and appropriate organizational settings are required to promote entrepreneurial behavior among organization members. The paper distinguishes among three types/roles of entrepreneurship in the nonprofit sector: social/human service, fund raising, and venture. A set of research questions is tested empirically (among nonprofit managers) and the result shows that nonprofits are likely to develop organizational characteristic attributes of entrepreneurship and that certain organizational characteristics are associated with entrepreneurial behavior. The result shows that aspects of organizational culture and management style (more controllable factors) seem to have more influence than the organizational structure and resource aspects (less controllable). Nonprofit managers are advised to establish organizational culture and context of receptive conditions for new ideas and the possibility of failure. This study fills a research gap of how nonprofit organizational characteristics foster entrepreneurship or retard it. Yet on another section, the book is shifted towards data from international survey programs such as: Freedom in the World. Available at: www.freedomhouse.org; World Database of Happiness. Erasmus University Rotterdam. Available at: www.worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/ statnat; Political Regimes Characteristics and Transitions. Available at: www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity/. The purpose is to identify and discuss important predictors of subjective well-being (SWB) that are relevant to explain well-being as experienced by individuals in developing countries. The paper uses Egypt as example of an economy in transition to free market. Egypt is the largest country in Africa and Middle East and it is an example of an emerging market that struggles to achieve political stability and economic prosperity. Findings show the factors of absolute income, relative income and economic justice, freedom, human rights, social capital, and population density help to explain national SWB in developing countries and the SWB differences between developed and developing countries or rich and poor countries. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://research.arabeast.edu.sa/handle/123456789/35 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | NOOR Publishing | |
| dc.title | Entrepreneurs and their Environments: International Studies | |
| dc.type | Book |